php array_walk array_map array_filter区别案例详解
这篇文章主要介绍了php array_walk array_map array_filter区别案例详解,本篇文章通过简要的案例,讲解了该项技术的了解与使用,以下就是详细内容,需要的朋友可以参考下。
php 开发经常遇到数组处理,会涉及到题目中这几个函数。这个函数功能类似,很多时候容易混淆。
array_walk:
array_walk — 使用用户自定义函数对数组中的每个元素做回调处理
1. 用户自定义的函数处理每一个元素
2. 直接修改原数组,不会创建新的数组
3. 可以传递额外的参数
Example #1 :
- <?php
- $fruits = array("d" => "lemon", "a" => "orange", "b" => "banana", "c" => "apple");
- function test_alter(&$item1, $key, $prefix)
- {
- $item1 = "$prefix: $item1";
- }
- function test_print($item2, $key)
- {
- echo "$key. $item2<br />\n";
- }
- echo "Before ...:\n";
- array_walk($fruits, 'test_print');
- array_walk($fruits, 'test_alter', 'fruit');
- echo "... and after:\n";
- array_walk($fruits, 'test_print');
- ?>
运行结果:
- Before ...:
- d. lemon
- a. orange
- b. banana
- c. apple ... and after:
- d. fruit: lemon
- a. fruit: orange
- b. fruit: banana
- c. fruit: apple
更多信息参考官方文档:http://php.net/manual/zh/function.array-walk.php
array_map
array_map — 为数组的每个元素应用回调函数
1. 回调函数,应用到每个数组里的每个元素
2. 可以处理多个数组,合并处理
3. 返回新建的数组
4. 传入 NULL 作为回调函数的名称,将创建多维数组
5. 传入两个及以上的数组时,它们元素数量将会相同,因为回调函数会并行地处理相互对应的元素。 如果几个数组的元素数量不一致:空元素会扩展短那个数组,直到长度和最长的数组一样。
Example #1:
- <?php
- function cube($n)
- {
- return($n * $n * $n);
- }
- $a = array(1, 2, 3, 4, 5);
- $b = array_map("cube", $a);
- print_r($b);
- ?>
运行结果:
- Array
- (
- [0] => 1
- [1] => 8
- [2] => 27
- [3] => 64
- [4] => 125
- )
Example #2:
- <?php
- $func = function($value) {
- return $value * 2;
- };
- print_r(array_map($func, range(1, 5)));
- ?>
运行结果:
- Array
- (
- [0] => 2
- [1] => 4
- [2] => 6
- [3] => 8
- [4] => 10
- )
Example #3:
- <?php
- function show_Spanish($n, $m)
- {
- return("The number $n is called $m in Spanish");
- }
- function map_Spanish($n, $m)
- {
- return(array($n => $m));
- }
- $a = array(1, 2, 3, 4, 5);
- $b = array("uno", "dos", "tres", "cuatro", "cinco");
- $c = array_map("show_Spanish", $a, $b);
- print_r($c);
- $d = array_map("map_Spanish", $a , $b);
- print_r($d);
- ?>
运行结果:
- // printout of $c
- Array
- (
- [0] => The number 1 is called uno in Spanish
- [1] => The number 2 is called dos in Spanish
- [2] => The number 3 is called tres in Spanish
- [3] => The number 4 is called cuatro in Spanish
- [4] => The number 5 is called cinco in Spanish
- )
- // printout of $d
- Array
- (
- [0] => Array
- (
- [1] => uno
- )
- [1] => Array
- (
- [2] => dos
- )
- [2] => Array
- (
- [3] => tres
- )
- [3] => Array
- (
- [4] => cuatro
- )
- [4] => Array
- (
- [5] => cinco
- )
更多信息参考官方文档:http://php.net/manual/zh/function.array-map.php
array_filter
* array_filter — 用回调函数过滤数组中的单元*
1. 依次将 array 数组中的每个值传递到 callback 函数。如果 callback 函数返回 true,则 array 数组的当前值会被包含在返回的结果数组中。数组的键名保留不变。
2. 如果没有提供 callback 函数, 将删除 array 中所有等值为 FALSE 的条目。
3. ARRAY_FILTER_USE_KEY - callback接受键名作为的唯一参数,ARRAY_FILTER_USE_BOTH - callback同时接受键名和键值
Example 1:
- <?php
- function odd($var)
- {
- // returns whether the input integer is odd
- return($var & 1);
- }
- function even($var)
- {
- // returns whether the input integer is even
- return(!($var & 1));
- }
- $array1 = array("a"=>1, "b"=>2, "c"=>3, "d"=>4, "e"=>5);
- $array2 = array(6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12);
- echo "Odd :\n";
- print_r(array_filter($array1, "odd"));
- echo "Even:\n";
- print_r(array_filter($array2, "even"));
- ?>
运行结果:
- Odd :
- Array
- (
- [a] => 1
- [c] => 3
- [e] => 5
- )
- Even:
- Array
- (
- [0] => 6
- [2] => 8
- [4] => 10
- [6] => 12
Example #2:
- <?php
- $entry = array(
- 0 => 'foo',
- 1 => false,
- 2 => -1,
- 3 => null,
- 4 => ''
- );
- print_r(array_filter($entry));
- ?>
运行结果:
- Array
- (
- [0] => foo
- [2] => -1
- )
Example #3:
- <?php
- $arr = ['a' => 1, 'b' => 2, 'c' => 3, 'd' => 4];
- var_dump(array_filter($arr, function($k) {
- return $k == 'b';
- }, ARRAY_FILTER_USE_KEY));
- var_dump(array_filter($arr, function($v, $k) {
- return $k == 'b' || $v == 4;
- }, ARRAY_FILTER_USE_BOTH));
- ?>
运行结果:
- array(1) {
- ["b"]=>
- int(2)
- }
- array(2) {
- ["b"]=>
- int(2)
- ["d"]=>
- int(4)
- )
更多信息参考官方文档:http://php.net/manual/zh/function.array-filter.php