PHP如何根据文件头检测文件类型实例代码
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前言
什么是文件头部Bom? 说白了,就是在保存文件的时候,文件前面会多出一串隐藏的字符,文件签名一般都在文件的头部,如果你用十六进制方式查看文件,你就可以看到文件的一些签名信息。如用uestudio以十六进制方式查看zip格式的文件,其文件内容头部有50 4B 03 04这样的十六进制信息。同理jpg文件状况有FF D8 FF E0 xx xx 4A 46这样的十六进制信息,其实这此十六进制都是表示一些特殊字条。
php怎么样验证文件类型?
先来看一个简单的方法:
- <?php
- function checkFileType($fileName){
- $file = fopen($fileName, "rb");
- $bin = fread($file, 2); //只读2字节
- fclose($file);
- // C为无符号整数,网上搜到的都是c,为有符号整数,这样会产生负数判断不正常
- $strInfo = @unpack("C2chars", $bin);
- $typeCode = intval($strInfo['chars1'].$strInfo['chars2']);
- $fileType = '';
- switch( $typeCode )
- {
- case '255216':
- return $typeCode. ' : ' .'jpg';
- break;
- case '7173':
- return $typeCode. ' : ' .'gif';
- break;
- case '13780':
- return $typeCode. ' : ' .'png';
- break;
- case '6677':
- return $typeCode. ' : ' .'bmp';
- break;
- case '7790':
- return $typeCode. ' : ' .'exe';
- break;
- case '7784':
- return $typeCode. ' : ' .'midi';
- break;
- case '8297':
- return $typeCode. ' : ' .'rar';
- break;
- default:
- return $typeCode. ' : ' .'Unknown';
- break;
- }
- //return $typeCode;
- }
- $file_name = '11.doc';
- echo checkFileType($file_name);
下来提供一个类的实现:
- <?php
- /*通过文件名,获得文件类型*
- *@author chengmo QQ:8292669*
- *@copyright <a href="http://www.cnblogs.com/chengmo">http://www.cnblogs.com/chengmo</a> 2010-10-17
- *@version 0.1
- *$filename="d:/1.png";echo cFileTypeCheck::getFileType($filename); 打印:png
- */
- class cFileTypeCheck
- {
- private static $_TypeList=array();
- private static $CheckClass=null;
- private function __construct($filename)
- {
- self::$_TypeList=$this->getTypeList();
- }
- /**
- *处理文件类型映射关系表*
- *
- * @param string $filename 文件类型
- * @return string 文件类型,没有找到返回:other
- */
- private function _getFileType($filename)
- {
- $filetype="other";
- if(!file_exists($filename)) throw new Exception("no found file!");
- $file = @fopen($filename,"rb");
- if(!$file) throw new Exception("file refuse!");
- $bin = fread($file, 15); //只读15字节 各个不同文件类型,头信息不一样。
- fclose($file);
- $typelist=self::$_TypeList;
- foreach ($typelist as $v)
- {
- $blen=strlen(pack("H*",$v[0])); //得到文件头标记字节数
- $tbin=substr($bin,0,intval($blen)); ///需要比较文件头长度
- if(strtolower($v[0])==strtolower(array_shift(unpack("H*",$tbin))))
- {
- return $v[1];
- }
- }
- return $filetype;
- }
- /**
- *得到文件头与文件类型映射表*
- *
- * @return array array(array('key',value)...)
- */
- public function getTypeList()
- {
- return array(array("FFD8FFE1","jpg"),
- array("89504E47","png"),
- array("47494638","gif"),
- array("49492A00","tif"),
- array("424D","bmp"),
- array("41433130","dwg"),
- array("38425053","psd"),
- array("7B5C727466","rtf"),
- array("3C3F786D6C","xml"),
- array("68746D6C3E","html"),
- array("44656C69766572792D646174","eml"),
- array("CFAD12FEC5FD746F","dbx"),
- array("2142444E","pst"),
- array("D0CF11E0","xls/doc"),
- array("5374616E64617264204A","mdb"),
- array("FF575043","wpd"),
- array("252150532D41646F6265","eps/ps"),
- array("255044462D312E","pdf"),
- array("E3828596","pwl"),
- array("504B0304","zip"),
- array("52617221","rar"),
- array("57415645","wav"),
- array("41564920","avi"),
- array("2E7261FD","ram"),
- array("2E524D46","rm"),
- array("000001BA","mpg"),
- array("000001B3","mpg"),
- array("6D6F6F76","mov"),
- array("3026B2758E66CF11","asf"),
- array("4D546864","mid"));
- }
- public static function getFileType($filename)
- {
- if(!self::$CheckClass) self::$CheckClass=new self($filename);
- $class=self::$CheckClass;
- return $class->_getFileType($filename);
- }
- }
- $filename="22.jpg";
- echo $filename,"t",cFileTypeCheck::getFileType($filename),"rn";
- $filename="11.doc";
- echo $filename,"t",cFileTypeCheck::getFileType($filename),"rn";
或者可以这么检测:
- <?php
- $filename = '22.jpg';
- $extname = strtolower(substr($filename, strrpos($filename, '.') + 1));
- echo $extname.'<br />';
- $file = @fopen($filename, 'rb');
- if ($file)
- {
- $str = @fread($file, 0x400); // 读取前 1024 个字节
- echo substr($str, 0, 4);
- @fclose($file);
- }
- if (substr($str, 0, 4) == 'MThd' && $extname != 'txt')
- {
- $format = 'mid';
- }
- elseif (substr($str, 0, 4) == 'RIFF' && $extname == 'wav')
- {
- $format = 'wav';
- }
- elseif (substr($str ,0, 3) == "/xFF/xD8/xFF")
- {
- $format = 'jpg';
- }
- elseif (substr($str ,0, 4) == 'GIF8' && $extname != 'txt')
- {
- $format = 'gif';
- }
- elseif (substr($str ,0, 8 ) == "/x89/x50/x4E/x47/x0D/x0A/x1A/x0A")
- {
- $format = 'png';
- }
- elseif (substr($str ,0, 2) == 'BM' && $extname != 'txt')
- {
- $format = 'bmp';
- }
- elseif ((substr($str ,0, 3) == 'CWS' || substr($str ,0, 3) == 'FWS') && $extname != 'txt')
- {
- $format = 'swf';
- }
- elseif (substr($str ,0, 4) == "/xD0/xCF/x11/xE0")
- { // D0CF11E == DOCFILE == Microsoft Office Document
- if (substr($str,0x200,4) == "/xEC/xA5/xC1/x00" || $extname == 'doc')
- {
- $format = 'doc';
- }
- elseif (substr($str,0x200,2) == "/x09/x08" || $extname == 'xls')
- {
- $format = 'xls';
- } elseif (substr($str,0x200,4) == "/xFD/xFF/xFF/xFF" || $extname == 'ppt')
- {
- $format = 'ppt';
- }
- } elseif (substr($str ,0, 4) == "PK/x03/x04")
- {
- $format = 'zip';
- } elseif (substr($str ,0, 4) == 'Rar!' && $extname != 'txt')
- {
- $format = 'rar';
- } elseif (substr($str ,0, 4) == "/x25PDF")
- {
- $format = 'pdf';
- } elseif (substr($str ,0, 3) == "/x30/x82/x0A")
- {
- $format = 'cert';
- } elseif (substr($str ,0, 4) == 'ITSF' && $extname != 'txt')
- {
- $format = 'chm';
- } elseif (substr($str ,0, 4) == "/x2ERMF")
- {
- $format = 'rm';
- } elseif ($extname == 'sql')
- {
- $format = 'sql';
- } elseif ($extname == 'txt')
- {
- $format = 'txt';
- }
- echo $format;