PHP之预定义接口详解
这篇文章主要整理了PHP之预定义接口,在平时项目过程中比较常用的四个接口:IteratorAggregate(聚合式aggregate迭代器Iterator)、Countable、ArrayAccess、Iterator,需要的朋友可以参考下
在PHP中有好几个预定义的接口,比较常用的四个接口(IteratorAggregate(聚合式aggregate迭代器Iterator)、Countable、ArrayAccess、Iterator)分别给大家详细介绍下。
IteratorAggregate(聚合式aggregate迭代器Iterator)接口,代码如下:
- IteratorAggregate extends Traversable {
- abstract public Traversable getIterator(void)
- }
这个接口实现了一个功能——创建外部迭代器,具体怎么理解呢,当我们使用foreach对对象进行便遍历的时候,如果没有继承IteratorAggregate接口,遍历的是对象中所有的public属性(只能是public $var这种形式)。要是继承了IteratorAggregate,会使用类中实现的getIterator方法返回的对象,这里要注意返回的一定要是一个Traversable对象或者扩展自Traversable的对象,否则会抛出异常:
- //看个例子
- class My{
- private $_data = [
- 'a' => '燕睿涛',
- 'b' => 'yanruitao',
- 'c' => 'LULU',
- ];
- public function getIterator()
- {
- return new ArrayIterator($this->_data);
- }
- }
- $obj = new My;
- foreach ($obj as $key => $value) {
- echo "$key => $value\n";
- }
- //输出结果为空
- class My implements IteratorAggregate {
- private $_data = [
- 'a' => '燕睿涛',
- 'b' => 'yanruitao',
- 'c' => 'LULU',
- ];
- public function getIterator()
- {
- return new ArrayIterator($this->_data);
- }
- }
- $obj = new My;
- foreach ($obj as $key => $value) {
- echo "$key => $value\n";
- }
- //结果:
- a => 燕睿涛
- b => yanruitao
- c => LULU
Countable接口,代码如下:
- Countable {
- abstract public int count(void)
- }
这个接口用于统计对象的数量,具体怎么理解呢,当我们对一个对象调用count的时候,如果函数没有继承Countable将一直返回1,如果继承了Countable会返回所实现的count方法所返回的数字,看看下面的例子:
- class CountMe
- {
- protected $_myCount = 3;
- public function count()
- {
- return $this->_myCount;
- }
- }
- $countable = new CountMe();
- echo count($countable);
- //返回1
- class CountMe implements Countable
- {
- protected $_myCount = 3;
- public function count()
- {
- return $this->_myCount;
- }
- }
- $countable = new CountMe();
- echo count($countable);
- //返回3
ArrayAccess接口:
- ArrayAccess {
- abstract public boolean offsetExists(mixed $offset)
- abstract public mixed offsetGet(mixed $offset)
- public void offsetSet(mixed $offset, mixed $value)
- public void offsetUnset(mixed $offset)
- }
- class CountMe
- {
- protected $_myCount = 3;
- public function count()
- {
- return $this->_myCount;
- }
- }
- $countable = new CountMe();
- echo count($countable);
- //返回1
- class CountMe implements Countable
- {
- protected $_myCount = 3;
- public function count()
- {
- return $this->_myCount;
- }
- }
- $countable = new CountMe();
- echo count($countable);
- //返回3
ArrayAccess接口,代码如下:
- ArrayAccess {
- abstract public boolean offsetExists(mixed $offset)
- abstract public mixed offsetGet(mixed $offset)
- public void offsetSet(mixed $offset, mixed $value)
- public void offsetUnset(mixed $offset)
- }
这个接口的作用是让我们可以像访问数组一样访问对象,这个怎么说好呢,我猜其实就是php在词法分析的时候如果碰到了数组的方式使用对象,就回去对象中查找是否有实现ArrayAccess如果有的话,进行对应的操作(set、unset、isset、get),这样我们就可以在类里面放置一个array,让类实现数组方式的基本操作,下面看个例子:
- class myObj
- {
- }
- $obj = new myObj;
- $obj['name'];
- //Fatal error: Cannot use object of type myObj as array in
- class myObj implements ArrayAccess
- {
- public function offsetSet($offset, $value)
- {
- echo "offsetSet : {$offset} => {$value}\n";
- }
- public function offsetExists($offset)
- {
- echo "offsetExists : {$offset}\n";
- }
- public function offsetUnset($offset)
- {
- echo "offsetUnset : {$offset}\n";
- }
- public function offsetGet($offset)
- {
- echo "offsetGet : {$offset}\n";
- }
- }
- $obj = new myObj;
- $obj[1] = '燕睿涛';
- isset($obj['name']);
- unset($obj['name']);
- $obj['yrt'];
- //输出结果:
- offsetSet : 1 => 燕睿涛
- offsetExists : name
- offsetUnset : name
- offsetGet : yrt
- class myObj implements ArrayAccess
- {
- private $_data = [];
- public function offsetSet($offset, $value)
- {
- $this->_data[$offset] = $value;
- }
- public function offsetExists($offset)
- {
- return isset($this->_data[$offset]);
- }
- public function offsetUnset($offset)
- {
- unset($this->_data[$offset]);
- }
- public function offsetGet($offset)
- {
- return $this->_data[$offset];
- }
- }
- $obj = new myObj;
- $obj['yrt'] = '燕睿涛';
- var_dump($obj['yrt']);
- var_dump(isset($obj['yrt']));
- unset($obj['yrt']);
- var_dump(isset($obj['yrt']));
- var_dump($obj['yrt']);
- //输出:
- string(9) "燕睿涛"
- bool(true)
- bool(false)
- Notice: Undefined index: yrt //最后一个会报出Notice
上面的对象只能是基本的数组操作,连遍历都不行,结合之前的IteratorAggregate可以进行foreach:
- class myObj implements ArrayAccess, IteratorAggregate
- {
- private $_data = [];
- public function getIterator()
- {
- return new ArrayIterator($this->_data);
- }
- ......
- }
- $obj = new myObj;
- $obj['yrt'] = '燕睿涛';
- $obj[1] = '燕睿涛';
- $obj['name'] = '燕睿涛';
- $obj['age'] = 23;
- foreach ($obj as $key => $value) {
- echo "{$key} => {$value}\n";
- }
- //输出:
- yrt => 燕睿涛
- 1 => 燕睿涛
- name => 燕睿涛
- age => 23
Iterator接口:
- Iterator extends Traversable {
- abstract public mixed current(void)
- abstract public scalar key(void)
- abstract public void next(void)
- abstract public void rewind(void)
- abstract public boolean valid(void)
- }
可在内部迭代自己的外部迭代器或类的接口,这是官方文档给出的解释,看着还是不好理解,其实我感觉这个接口实现的功能和trratorAggregate(文档:创建外部迭代器接口,接口直接返回一个迭代器)类似,不过这个在类的定义里面自己实现了,看个例子:
- class myObj implements Iterator{
- private $_data = [];
- public function __construct(Array $arr)
- {
- $this->_data = $arr;
- }
- public function current()
- {
- return current($this->_data);
- }
- public function key()
- {
- return key($this->_data);
- }
- public function next()
- {
- next($this->_data);
- }
- public function rewind()
- {
- reset($this->_data);
- }
- public function valid()
- {
- return $this->key() !== NULL;
- }
- }
- $t = [
- 'yrt' => '燕睿涛',
- 'name' => '燕睿涛',
- false,
- '燕睿涛'
- ];
- $obj = new myObj($t);
- foreach ($obj as $key => $value) {
- echo "{$key} => ".var_export($value, true)."\n";
- }
- //输出:
- yrt => '燕睿涛'
- name => '燕睿涛'
- 0 => false
- 1 => '燕睿涛'
上面这个参考了鸟哥的一篇文章关于一笔试题(Iterator模式),不过鸟哥的那个判断valid有点瑕疵,当碰到值北来就是false的时候就会截断
总结:说了这么多好像还是没有体会到他们的用处,建议看看Yii2的源码,源码里面大量使用了这些东西,看了之后,你会慢慢觉得“哦~好像还真是挺有用的。。。。”