PHP类中的魔术方法(Magic Method)简明总结
这篇文章主要介绍了PHP类中的魔术方法(Magic Method)简明总结,这些方法包括__construct()、__destruct()、__call()、__callStatic()、__get()、__set()、__toString()等,需要的朋友可以参考下
1. __construct()和__destruct()
在实例被 创建/销毁 的时候被调用,都可以传递0个或多个参数。
- class A
- {
- function A()
- {
- echo "build A";
- }
- function __destruct()
- {
- echo "destroy A";
- }
- }
- $obj = new A();
- //unset($obj);
- Note:The destructor method will be called as soon as there are no other references to a particular object, or in any order during the shutdown sequence.
关于构造函数,PHP5.3.3开始,一个定义在某个特定的命名空间里的class中以类名命名的方法将不再被认为是构造函数。在无命名空间的类中与原来一样依旧是构造函数。如:
- namespace Foo;
- class Bar {
- public function Bar() {
- // treated as constructor in PHP 5.3.0-5.3.2
- // treated as regular method as of PHP 5.3.3
- }
- }
如果没有namespace Foo; 那么Bar()还将被当作构造函数。另外,如果存在下面的情况:
- function __construct()
- {
- echo "construct A";
- }
- function A()
- {
- echo "build A";
- }
- function __destruct()
- {
- echo "destroy A";
- }
- }
即既包含__construct()又包含与类名同名的函数,那么将只调用__construct()。
2. __call()和__callStatic()
当尝试调用一个不存在的方法时调用该方法。两个参数,一个是方法名,一个是被调用方法的参数数组。
- class MethodTest
- {
- public function __call($name, $arguments)
- {
- // Note: value of $name is case sensitive.
- echo "Calling object method '$name' "
- . implode(' ', $arguments). "<br>";
- }
- public static function __callStatic($name, $arguments)
- {
- // Note: value of $name is case sensitive.
- echo "Calling static method '$name' "
- . implode(' ', $arguments). "<br>";
- }
- }
- $obj = new MethodTest;
- $obj->runTest('in','object','context');
- MethodTest::runTest('in','static','context');
其中,$arguments作为一个array传入。运行结果:
Calling object method 'runTest' in object context
Calling static method 'runTest' in static context
还要注意函数的作用域protected和private:
- class TestMagicCallMethod {
- public function foo()
- {
- echo __METHOD__.PHP_EOL."<br>";
- }
- public function __call($method, $args)
- {
- echo __METHOD__.PHP_EOL."<br>";
- if(method_exists($this, $method))
- {
- $this->$method();
- }
- }
- protected function bar()
- {
- echo __METHOD__.PHP_EOL."<br>";
- }
- private function baz()
- {
- echo __METHOD__.PHP_EOL."<br>";
- }
- }
- $test = new TestMagicCallMethod();
- $test->foo();
- /**
- * Outputs:
- * TestMagicCallMethod::foo
- */
- $test->bar();
- /**
- * Outputs:
- * TestMagicCallMethod::__call
- * TestMagicCallMethod::bar
- */
- $test->baz();
- /**
- * Outputs:
- * TestMagicCallMethod::__call
- * TestMagicCallMethod::baz
- */
3.__get()和__set()
当试图读取一个对象并不存在的属性的时候被调用。
Note:我们可以用这个函数实现类似java中反射的各种操作。
- class Test
- {
- public function __get($key)
- {
- echo $key . " not exists";
- }
- public function __set($key,$value)
- {
- echo $key . " = ".$value;
- }
- }
- $t = new Test();
- echo $t->name."<br>";
- $t->name = "abc";
- 输出:
- name not exists
- name = abc
4. __toString()
这个方法类似于java的toString()方法,当我们直接打印对象的时候回调用这个函数,函数必须返回一个string。
- class Test
- {
- private $name = "abc";
- private $age = 12;
- public function __toString()
- {
- return "name : $this->name, age : $this->age";
- }
- }
- $t = new Test();
- echo $t;
- 输出:
- name : abc, age : 12