SQL语法手册(三)
SQL语法手册(三)
Insert Into
用途:
在表中插入新行
语法:
插入一行数据
INSERT INTO table_name VALUES (value1, value2,....) |
插入一行数据在指定的字段上
INSERT INTO table_name (column1, column2,...) VALUES (value1, value2,....) |
例:
“Persons”表中的原始数据:
LastName | FirstName | Address | City |
Pettersen | Kari | Storgt 20 | Stavanger |
运行下面的SQL插入一行数据:
INSERT INTO Persons VALUES ('Hetland', 'Camilla', 'Hagabakka 24', 'Sandnes') |
插入后”Persons”表中的数据为:
LastName | FirstName | Address | City |
Pettersen | Kari | Storgt 20 | Stavanger |
Hetland | Camilla | Hagabakka 24 | Sandnes |
运行下面的SQL插入一行数据在指定的字段上:
INSERT INTO Persons (LastName, Address) VALUES ('Rasmussen', 'Storgt 67') |
插入后”Persons”表中的数据为:
LastName | FirstName | Address | City |
Pettersen | Kari | Storgt 20 | Stavanger |
Hetland | Camilla | Hagabakka 24 | Sandnes |
Rasmussen | Storgt 67 |
Update
用途:
更新表中原有数据
语法:
UPDATE table_name SET column_name = new_value WHERE column_name = some_value |
例:
“Person”表中的原始数据:
LastName | FirstName | Address | City |
Nilsen | Fred | Kirkegt 56 | Stavanger |
Rasmussen | Storgt 67 |
运行下面的SQL将Person表中LastName字段为”Rasmussen”的FirstName更新为”Nina”:
UPDATE Person SET FirstName = 'Nina' WHERE LastName = 'Rasmussen' |
更新后”Person”表中的数据为:
LastName | FirstName | Address | City |
Nilsen | Fred | Kirkegt 56 | Stavanger |
Rasmussen | Nina | Storgt 67 |
同样的,用UPDATE语句也可以同时更新多个字段:
UPDATE Person SET Address = 'Stien 12', City = 'Stavanger' WHERE LastName = 'Rasmussen' |
更新后”Person”表中的数据为:
LastName | FirstName | Address | City |
Nilsen | Fred | Kirkegt 56 | Stavanger |
Rasmussen | Nina | Stien 12 | Stavanger |
Delete
用途:
删除表中的数据
语法:
DELETE FROM table_name WHERE column_name = some_value |
例:
“Person”表中的原始数据:
LastName | FirstName | Address | City |
Nilsen | Fred | Kirkegt 56 | Stavanger |
Rasmussen | Nina | Stien 12 | Stavanger |
删除Person表中LastName为”Rasmussen”的数据:
DELETE FROM Person WHERE LastName = 'Rasmussen' |
执行删除语句后”Person”表中的数据为:
LastName | FirstName | Address | City |
Nilsen | Fred | Kirkegt 56 | Stavanger |
Create Table
用途:
建立新的资料表。
语法:
CREATE TABLE table_name ( column_name1 data_type, column_name2 data_type, ....... ) |
例:
创建一张叫“Person”的表,该表有4个字段"LastName", "FirstName", "Address", "Age":
CREATE TABLE Person ( LastName varchar, FirstName varchar, Address varchar, Age int ) |
如果想指定字段的最大存储长度,你可以这样:
CREATE TABLE Person ( LastName varchar(30), FirstName varchar(30), Address varchar(120), Age int(3) ) |
下表中列出了在SQL的一些数据类型:
Data Type | Description |
integer(size) int(size) smallint(size) tinyint(size) | Hold integers only. The maximum number of digits are specified in parenthesis. |
decimal(size,d) numeric(size,d) | Hold numbers with fractions. The maximum number of digits are specified in "size". The maximum number of digits to the right of the decimal is specified in "d". |
char(size) | Holds a fixed length string (can contain letters, numbers, and special characters). The fixed size is specified in parenthesis. |
varchar(size) | Holds a variable length string (can contain letters, numbers, and special characters). The maximum size is specified in parenthesis. |
date(yyyymmdd) | Holds a date |
Alter Table
用途:
在已经存在的表中增加后者移除字段
语法:
ALTER TABLE table_name ADD column_name datatype ALTER TABLE table_name DROP COLUMN column_name |
注意:某些数据库管理系统不允许移除表中的字段
例:
“Person”表中的原始数据:
LastName | FirstName | Address |
Pettersen | Kari | Storgt 20 |
在Person表中增加一个名为City的字段:
ALTER TABLE Person ADD City varchar(30) |
增加后表中数据如下:
LastName | FirstName | Address | City |
Pettersen | Kari | Storgt 20 |
移除Person表中原有的Address字段:
ALTER TABLE Person DROP COLUMN Address |
移除后表中数据如下:
LastName | FirstName | City |
Pettersen | Kari |
Drop Table
用途:
在数据库中移除一个数据表定义及该数据表中的所有资料、索引、触发程序、条件约束及权限指定。
语法:
DROP TABLE table_name |
Create Database
用途:
建立新的数据库.
语法:
CREATE DATABASE database_name |
Drop Database
用途:
移除原有的数据库
语法:
DROP DATABASE database_name |