C# 运算符重载
您可以重定义或重载 C# 中内置的运算符。因此,程序员也可以使用用户自定义类型的运算符。重载运算符是具有特殊名称的函数,是通过关键字 operator 后跟运算符的符号来定义的。与其他函数一样,重载运算符有返回类型和参数列表。
例如,请看下面的函数:
publicstatic Box operator+(Box b, Box c)
{
Box box =new Box();
box.length= b.length+ c.length;
box.breadth= b.breadth+ c.breadth;
box.height= b.height+ c.height;
return box;
}
{
Box box =new Box();
box.length= b.length+ c.length;
box.breadth= b.breadth+ c.breadth;
box.height= b.height+ c.height;
return box;
}
上面的函数为用户自定义的类 Box 实现了加法运算符(+)。它把两个 Box 对象的属性相加,并返回相加后的 Box 对象。
运算符重载的实现
下面的程序演示了完整的实现:
实例
usingSystem;
namespace OperatorOvlApplication
{
class Box
{
privatedouble length; // 长度
privatedouble breadth; // 宽度
privatedouble height; // 高度
publicdouble getVolume()
{
return length * breadth * height;
}
publicvoid setLength(double len )
{
length = len;
}
publicvoid setBreadth(double bre )
{
breadth = bre;
}
publicvoid setHeight(double hei )
{
height = hei;
}
// 重载 + 运算符来把两个 Box 对象相加
publicstatic Box operator+(Box b, Box c)
{
Box box =new Box();
box.length= b.length+ c.length;
box.breadth= b.breadth+ c.breadth;
box.height= b.height+ c.height;
return box;
}
}
class Tester
{
staticvoid Main(string[] args)
{
Box Box1 =new Box(); // 声明 Box1,类型为 Box
Box Box2 =new Box(); // 声明 Box2,类型为 Box
Box Box3 =new Box(); // 声明 Box3,类型为 Box
double volume =0.0; // 体积
// Box1 详述
Box1.setLength(6.0);
Box1.setBreadth(7.0);
Box1.setHeight(5.0);
// Box2 详述
Box2.setLength(12.0);
Box2.setBreadth(13.0);
Box2.setHeight(10.0);
// Box1 的体积
volume = Box1.getVolume();
Console.WriteLine("Box1 的体积: {0}", volume);
// Box2 的体积
volume = Box2.getVolume();
Console.WriteLine("Box2 的体积: {0}", volume);
// 把两个对象相加
Box3 = Box1 + Box2;
// Box3 的体积
volume = Box3.getVolume();
Console.WriteLine("Box3 的体积: {0}", volume);
Console.ReadKey();
}
}
}
namespace OperatorOvlApplication
{
class Box
{
privatedouble length; // 长度
privatedouble breadth; // 宽度
privatedouble height; // 高度
publicdouble getVolume()
{
return length * breadth * height;
}
publicvoid setLength(double len )
{
length = len;
}
publicvoid setBreadth(double bre )
{
breadth = bre;
}
publicvoid setHeight(double hei )
{
height = hei;
}
// 重载 + 运算符来把两个 Box 对象相加
publicstatic Box operator+(Box b, Box c)
{
Box box =new Box();
box.length= b.length+ c.length;
box.breadth= b.breadth+ c.breadth;
box.height= b.height+ c.height;
return box;
}
}
class Tester
{
staticvoid Main(string[] args)
{
Box Box1 =new Box(); // 声明 Box1,类型为 Box
Box Box2 =new Box(); // 声明 Box2,类型为 Box
Box Box3 =new Box(); // 声明 Box3,类型为 Box
double volume =0.0; // 体积
// Box1 详述
Box1.setLength(6.0);
Box1.setBreadth(7.0);
Box1.setHeight(5.0);
// Box2 详述
Box2.setLength(12.0);
Box2.setBreadth(13.0);
Box2.setHeight(10.0);
// Box1 的体积
volume = Box1.getVolume();
Console.WriteLine("Box1 的体积: {0}", volume);
// Box2 的体积
volume = Box2.getVolume();
Console.WriteLine("Box2 的体积: {0}", volume);
// 把两个对象相加
Box3 = Box1 + Box2;
// Box3 的体积
volume = Box3.getVolume();
Console.WriteLine("Box3 的体积: {0}", volume);
Console.ReadKey();
}
}
}
当上面的代码被编译和执行时,它会产生下列结果:
Box1 的体积: 210 Box2 的体积: 1560 Box3 的体积: 5400
可重载和不可重载运算符
下表描述了 C# 中运算符重载的能力:
运算符 | 描述 |
---|---|
+, -, !, ~, ++, -- | 这些一元运算符只有一个操作数,且可以被重载。 |
+, -, *, /, % | 这些二元运算符带有两个操作数,且可以被重载。 |
==, !=, <, >, <=, >= | 这些比较运算符可以被重载。 |
&&, || | 这些条件逻辑运算符不能被直接重载。 |
+=, -=, *=, /=, %= | 这些赋值运算符不能被重载。 |
=, ., ?:, ->, new, is, sizeof, typeof | 这些运算符不能被重载。 |
实例
针对上述讨论,让我们扩展上面的实例,重载更多的运算符:
实例
usingSystem;
namespace OperatorOvlApplication
{
class Box
{
privatedouble length; // 长度
privatedouble breadth; // 宽度
privatedouble height; // 高度
publicdouble getVolume()
{
return length * breadth * height;
}
publicvoid setLength(double len )
{
length = len;
}
publicvoid setBreadth(double bre )
{
breadth = bre;
}
publicvoid setHeight(double hei )
{
height = hei;
}
// 重载 + 运算符来把两个 Box 对象相加
publicstatic Box operator+(Box b, Box c)
{
Box box =new Box();
box.length= b.length+ c.length;
box.breadth= b.breadth+ c.breadth;
box.height= b.height+ c.height;
return box;
}
publicstaticbooloperator==(Box lhs, Box rhs)
{
bool status =false;
if(lhs.length== rhs.length&& lhs.height== rhs.height
&& lhs.breadth== rhs.breadth)
{
status =true;
}
return status;
}
publicstaticbooloperator!=(Box lhs, Box rhs)
{
bool status =false;
if(lhs.length!= rhs.length|| lhs.height!= rhs.height
|| lhs.breadth!= rhs.breadth)
{
status =true;
}
return status;
}
publicstaticbooloperator<(Box lhs, Box rhs)
{
bool status =false;
if(lhs.length< rhs.length&& lhs.height
< rhs.height&& lhs.breadth< rhs.breadth)
{
status =true;
}
return status;
}
publicstaticbooloperator>(Box lhs, Box rhs)
{
bool status =false;
if(lhs.length> rhs.length&& lhs.height
> rhs.height&& lhs.breadth> rhs.breadth)
{
status =true;
}
return status;
}
publicstaticbooloperator<=(Box lhs, Box rhs)
{
bool status =false;
if(lhs.length<= rhs.length&& lhs.height
<= rhs.height&& lhs.breadth<= rhs.breadth)
{
status =true;
}
return status;
}
publicstaticbooloperator>=(Box lhs, Box rhs)
{
bool status =false;
if(lhs.length>= rhs.length&& lhs.height
>= rhs.height&& lhs.breadth>= rhs.breadth)
{
status =true;
}
return status;
}
publicoverridestring ToString()
{
returnString.Format("({0}, {1}, {2})", length, breadth, height);
}
}
class Tester
{
staticvoid Main(string[] args)
{
Box Box1 =new Box(); // 声明 Box1,类型为 Box
Box Box2 =new Box(); // 声明 Box2,类型为 Box
Box Box3 =new Box(); // 声明 Box3,类型为 Box
Box Box4 =new Box();
double volume =0.0; // 体积
// Box1 详述
Box1.setLength(6.0);
Box1.setBreadth(7.0);
Box1.setHeight(5.0);
// Box2 详述
Box2.setLength(12.0);
Box2.setBreadth(13.0);
Box2.setHeight(10.0);
// 使用重载的 ToString() 显示两个盒子
Console.WriteLine("Box1: {0}", Box1.ToString());
Console.WriteLine("Box2: {0}", Box2.ToString());
// Box1 的体积
volume = Box1.getVolume();
Console.WriteLine("Box1 的体积: {0}", volume);
// Box2 的体积
volume = Box2.getVolume();
Console.WriteLine("Box2 的体积: {0}", volume);
// 把两个对象相加
Box3 = Box1 + Box2;
Console.WriteLine("Box3: {0}", Box3.ToString());
// Box3 的体积
volume = Box3.getVolume();
Console.WriteLine("Box3 的体积: {0}", volume);
//comparing the boxes
if(Box1 > Box2)
Console.WriteLine("Box1 大于 Box2");
else
Console.WriteLine("Box1 不大于 Box2");
if(Box1 < Box2)
Console.WriteLine("Box1 小于 Box2");
else
Console.WriteLine("Box1 不小于 Box2");
if(Box1 >= Box2)
Console.WriteLine("Box1 大于等于 Box2");
else
Console.WriteLine("Box1 不大于等于 Box2");
if(Box1 <= Box2)
Console.WriteLine("Box1 小于等于 Box2");
else
Console.WriteLine("Box1 不小于等于 Box2");
if(Box1 != Box2)
Console.WriteLine("Box1 不等于 Box2");
else
Console.WriteLine("Box1 等于 Box2");
Box4 = Box3;
if(Box3 == Box4)
Console.WriteLine("Box3 等于 Box4");
else
Console.WriteLine("Box3 不等于 Box4");
Console.ReadKey();
}
}
}
namespace OperatorOvlApplication
{
class Box
{
privatedouble length; // 长度
privatedouble breadth; // 宽度
privatedouble height; // 高度
publicdouble getVolume()
{
return length * breadth * height;
}
publicvoid setLength(double len )
{
length = len;
}
publicvoid setBreadth(double bre )
{
breadth = bre;
}
publicvoid setHeight(double hei )
{
height = hei;
}
// 重载 + 运算符来把两个 Box 对象相加
publicstatic Box operator+(Box b, Box c)
{
Box box =new Box();
box.length= b.length+ c.length;
box.breadth= b.breadth+ c.breadth;
box.height= b.height+ c.height;
return box;
}
publicstaticbooloperator==(Box lhs, Box rhs)
{
bool status =false;
if(lhs.length== rhs.length&& lhs.height== rhs.height
&& lhs.breadth== rhs.breadth)
{
status =true;
}
return status;
}
publicstaticbooloperator!=(Box lhs, Box rhs)
{
bool status =false;
if(lhs.length!= rhs.length|| lhs.height!= rhs.height
|| lhs.breadth!= rhs.breadth)
{
status =true;
}
return status;
}
publicstaticbooloperator<(Box lhs, Box rhs)
{
bool status =false;
if(lhs.length< rhs.length&& lhs.height
< rhs.height&& lhs.breadth< rhs.breadth)
{
status =true;
}
return status;
}
publicstaticbooloperator>(Box lhs, Box rhs)
{
bool status =false;
if(lhs.length> rhs.length&& lhs.height
> rhs.height&& lhs.breadth> rhs.breadth)
{
status =true;
}
return status;
}
publicstaticbooloperator<=(Box lhs, Box rhs)
{
bool status =false;
if(lhs.length<= rhs.length&& lhs.height
<= rhs.height&& lhs.breadth<= rhs.breadth)
{
status =true;
}
return status;
}
publicstaticbooloperator>=(Box lhs, Box rhs)
{
bool status =false;
if(lhs.length>= rhs.length&& lhs.height
>= rhs.height&& lhs.breadth>= rhs.breadth)
{
status =true;
}
return status;
}
publicoverridestring ToString()
{
returnString.Format("({0}, {1}, {2})", length, breadth, height);
}
}
class Tester
{
staticvoid Main(string[] args)
{
Box Box1 =new Box(); // 声明 Box1,类型为 Box
Box Box2 =new Box(); // 声明 Box2,类型为 Box
Box Box3 =new Box(); // 声明 Box3,类型为 Box
Box Box4 =new Box();
double volume =0.0; // 体积
// Box1 详述
Box1.setLength(6.0);
Box1.setBreadth(7.0);
Box1.setHeight(5.0);
// Box2 详述
Box2.setLength(12.0);
Box2.setBreadth(13.0);
Box2.setHeight(10.0);
// 使用重载的 ToString() 显示两个盒子
Console.WriteLine("Box1: {0}", Box1.ToString());
Console.WriteLine("Box2: {0}", Box2.ToString());
// Box1 的体积
volume = Box1.getVolume();
Console.WriteLine("Box1 的体积: {0}", volume);
// Box2 的体积
volume = Box2.getVolume();
Console.WriteLine("Box2 的体积: {0}", volume);
// 把两个对象相加
Box3 = Box1 + Box2;
Console.WriteLine("Box3: {0}", Box3.ToString());
// Box3 的体积
volume = Box3.getVolume();
Console.WriteLine("Box3 的体积: {0}", volume);
//comparing the boxes
if(Box1 > Box2)
Console.WriteLine("Box1 大于 Box2");
else
Console.WriteLine("Box1 不大于 Box2");
if(Box1 < Box2)
Console.WriteLine("Box1 小于 Box2");
else
Console.WriteLine("Box1 不小于 Box2");
if(Box1 >= Box2)
Console.WriteLine("Box1 大于等于 Box2");
else
Console.WriteLine("Box1 不大于等于 Box2");
if(Box1 <= Box2)
Console.WriteLine("Box1 小于等于 Box2");
else
Console.WriteLine("Box1 不小于等于 Box2");
if(Box1 != Box2)
Console.WriteLine("Box1 不等于 Box2");
else
Console.WriteLine("Box1 等于 Box2");
Box4 = Box3;
if(Box3 == Box4)
Console.WriteLine("Box3 等于 Box4");
else
Console.WriteLine("Box3 不等于 Box4");
Console.ReadKey();
}
}
}
当上面的代码被编译和执行时,它会产生下列结果:
Box1: (6, 7, 5) Box2: (12, 13, 10) Box1 的体积: 210 Box2 的体积: 1560 Box3: (18, 20, 15) Box3 的体积: 5400 Box1 不大于 Box2 Box1 小于 Box2 Box1 不大于等于 Box2 Box1 小于等于 Box2 Box1 不等于 Box2 Box3 等于 Box4